Kegagalan Tindakan Medis dan Diskursus Malpraktik: Sebuah Tinjauan Filsafat Hukum dalam Etika Biomedik
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi pemahaman tersebut dalam kerangka etika biomedik dan filsafat hukum. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif-filosofis, artikel ini menganalisis konsep tanggung jawab, relasi antara legalitas dan moralitas, serta problem keadilan dalam konteks kegagalan tindakan medis. Kasus-kasus medis di Indonesia digunakan sebagai titik refleksi untuk menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan tidak selalu mencerminkan pelanggaran hukum atau etika. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa reduksi kegagalan menjadi malpraktik mencerminkan dominasi cara berpikir positivistik yang mengabaikan kompleksitas moral dalam praktik medis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan filsafat hukum yang lebih integratif untuk memahami tanggung jawab dalam etika biomedik.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abdurrohman, R., Heridadi, H., Kantikha, I. M., & Jaeni, A. (2022). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Doktrin Corporate Liability Menurut Pasal 193 Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika ISSN 2721-4796 (Online), 3(3), 2635–2647. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v3i3.3659
Abubakar, H. (2018). Kedudukan Audit Medis dalam Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana di Bidang Medis. Lex Renaissance, 3(2), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol3.iss2.art2
Andrianto, W. (2024). Mispersepsi Terhadap Malpraktik Medis. HUKUMONLINE.COM. hukumonline.com. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/mispersepsi-terhadap-malpraktik-medis-lt676a815de3690/
Anggeraini, S. D., & Redi, A. (2026). Reformulation Of The Concept Of Medical Malpractice In A Progressive Legal Perspective: From Individual Fault To Contextual Accountability. Lex Progressium. LEX PROGRESSIUM : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Perkembangan Hukum, 3(1), 20–30.
Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of biomedical ethics (Eighth edition). Oxford University Press.
Bonnie, L. H. A., Visser, M. R. M., Kramer, A. W. M., & van Dijk, N. (2020). Insight in the development of the mutual trust relationship between trainers and trainees in a workplace-based postgraduate medical training programme: A focus group study among trainers and trainees of the Dutch general practice training programme. BMJ Open, 10(4), e036593. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036593
Brennan, T. A., Leape, L. L., Laird, N. M., Hebert, L., Localio, A. R., Lawthers, A. G., Newhouse, J. P., Weiler, P. C., & Hiatt, H. H. (1991). Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. The New England Journal of Medicine, 324(6), 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199102073240604
Calabresi, G. (1970). The costs of accidents: A legal and economic analysis. Yale University Press.
Carrier, E. R., Reschovsky, J., Mello, M. M., Mayrell, R., & Katz, D. (2010). Physicians’ Fears of Malpractice Lawsuits are Not Assuaged by Tort Reforms (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 1674912). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1674912
Daeng, Y., Hamdani, H. S., Adryan, D., Gunawan, H., Marananda, Y., & Alfred, W. (2023). Kajian Terhadap Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(5), 6030–6038.
Daniels, N. (2012). Just Health: Meeting Health Needs Fairly. Cambridge University Press.
Firkins, G. (2023). Rethinking Causation in English Criminal Law. The Journal of Criminal Law, 87(1), 18–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220183231151918
Fuller, L. (1964). The Morality of Law. Oxford University Press.
Gomes, F. C., & Adiyaryani, N. N. (2025). Judicial Mechanisms for Medical Disputes: A Normative Analysis of Litigation and Non-Litigation Pathways in Indonesia. Jurnal Akta, 12(2). https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/akta/article/view/47007
Gostin, L. O., & Wiley, L. F. (2016). Public health law: Power, duty, restraint. University of California Press.
Gunawan, A. C., Yudanto, D., & Junaidi, A. (2023). Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Tindakan Malpraktek dalam Bidang Kesehatan atau Medis. UNES Law Review, 6(2). https://review-unes.com/law/article/view/1313
Gunawan, M., Syahrial1, I. W., & Gaharpung, M. Y. (2021). Tanggung Gugat Dokter Spesialis Orthopaedi dalam Kegagalan Operasi Rekonstruksi Anterior Cruciate Ligamen (ACL). CALYPTRA, 8(2), 55–73.
Hanafiah, J., Amir, A., & Suyono, J. (2016). Etika kedokteran dan hukum kesehatan. EGC.
Hart, H. L. A. (1994). The Concept of Law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Helou, M. A., DiazGranados, D., Ryan, M. S., & Cyrus, J. W. (2020). Uncertainty in Decision Making in Medicine: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis of Conceptual Models. Academic Medicine, 95(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002902
Jeremia, K. S., & Siregar, A. R. M. (2025). Kepastian Hukum Bagi Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Kasus Malpraktik Akibat Pelanggaran Jam Kerja: Tanggung Jawab dan Perlindungan Hukum. Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 2(2), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.62383/aliansi.v2i2.802
Lafitte, N. (2023, April 2). Managing ambiguity and uncertainty in clinical decision-making. Journal Of Paramedic Practice. https://www.paramedicpractice.com/content/other/managing-ambiguity-and-uncertainty-in-clinical-decision-making
Li, Z.-M., Xiao, L., & Sun, H.-Y. (2025). Which Matters More: Intention or Outcome? The Asymmetry of Moral Blame and Moral Praise. Behavioral Sciences, 15(9), 1265. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15091265
Mahendra, M., Afrita, I., & Triana, Y. (2025). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Tenaga Medis Terhadap Standar Kompetensi Atas Tindakan Medis. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 6(1). https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jkt/article/view/41831
Mele, A., & Sverdlik, S. (1996). Intention, Intentional Action, and Moral Responsibility. Philosophical Studies, 82(3), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00355310
Mello, M. M., & Williams, C. H. (2006). Medical malpractice: Impact of the crisis and effect of state tort reforms. The Synthesis Project. Research Synthesis Report, (10), 15168.
Miller, F. G., & Brody, H. (2007). Clinical equipoise and the incoherence of research ethics. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 32(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/03605310701255750
Muabuay, J. W., Panggabean, M. L., & Siregar, R. A. (2026). Causation in Medical Malpractice: Evaluating Conditio Sine Qua Non, Adequate Causation, and Objective Imputation in Indonesian Court Decisions. TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 5(12), 597–601. https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v5i12.3730
Pabidang, S., Prasetyo, T., Jaeni, A., & Purnomo, B. (2025). Tanggungjawab Pidana Tenaga Medis Atau Tenaga Kesehatan Menurut Pasal 440 Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika ISSN 2721-4796 (Online), 6(3), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v6i3.3419
Ramadhanti, D. A., & Lany, A. (2025). A Judicial Analysis of the Need for Medical Dispute Court in Resolving Health Disputes. Research Horizon, 5(6), 2867–2874. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.898
Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice: Original Edition. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9z6v
Rolffs, M. (2023). Resultant moral luck and the scope of moral responsibility. Philosophical Studies, 180(8), 2355–2376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-023-01994-8
Sartorio, C. (2020). More of a Cause? Journal of Applied Philosophy, 37(3), 346–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12370
Shapo, M. S. (2016). Principles of tort law (Fourth edition). West Academic Publishing.
Suteki, & Taufani, G. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum.
Taray, R. (2025, August 1). Judicial Mechanisms for Medical Disputes: A Normative Analysis of Litigation and Non-Litigation Pathways in Indonesia -. https://flodovaclinic.com/judicial-mechanisms-for-medical-disputes-a-normative-analysis-of-litigation-and-non-litigation-pathways-in-indonesia/
Xu, Q., Lyu, Y., Zhang, X., & Liu, J. (2025). Analysis of the causes of improper medical decision-making in medical damage liability disputes in China: A text mining approach. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 1112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13177-8