Peran Koperasi Berbasis Komunitas dalam Pengurangan Kemiskinan Perempuan di Pedesaan Indonesia
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak koperasi berbasis komunitas terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan perempuan di pedesaan Indonesia. Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih tingginya kerentanan ekonomi perempuan pedesaan meskipun berbagai program pemberdayaan ekonomi berbasis koperasi terus berkembang di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Sebanyak 22 artikel empiris yang diterbitkan pada periode 2014–2026 dianalisis melalui basis pencarian akademik Elicit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koperasi berbasis komunitas, seperti kelompok simpan pinjam perempuan, koperasi mikrofinansial, kelompok usaha bersama, dan koperasi kewirausahaan, secara umum memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan pendapatan, kesejahteraan rumah tangga, dan partisipasi ekonomi perempuan. Dampak paling signifikan ditemukan pada program yang mengintegrasikan akses pembiayaan, pelatihan kewirausahaan, pemanfaatan teknologi digital, dan perluasan akses pasar. Namun, bukti mengenai pengurangan ketimpangan pendapatan masih terbatas karena minimnya studi longitudinal dan analisis distribusi pendapatan yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa koperasi berbasis komunitas berpotensi menjadi instrumen efektif dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan dan pengurangan kemiskinan pedesaan, meskipun diperlukan dukungan institusional dan penelitian yang lebih rigor untuk mengevaluasi keberlanjutan dampaknya dalam jangka panjang.
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