Manajemen Risiko Pajak pada BUMN: Koreksi Fiskal Sebagai Sinyal Dini Risiko Pemeriksaan dan Dampaknya Terhadap Likuiditas
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Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji manajemen risiko pajak pada BUMN Pengelola Air. Analisis longitudinal terhadap pola restitusi Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Badan periode 2018–2023 difokuskan pada dua dimensi: koreksi fiskal sebagai penanda awal eskalasi risiko pemeriksaan, dan pengaruh restitusi terhadap likuiditas perusahaan. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus pada delapan Surat Ketetapan Pajak dengan rekonsiliasi fiskal dan triangulasi teoretis. BUMN Pengelola Air memperoleh total restitusi Rp162,08 miliar dari lima SKPLB. Koreksi fiskal positif bersih mulai terbentuk pada 2021 sebesar Rp14,56 miliar, lalu melonjak ke Rp52,41 miliar pada 2022. Lonjakan ini memicu penerbitan tiga SKPKB senilai Rp54,18 miliar dengan sanksi Rp683,15 juta. Pola bertahap ini adalah sinyal peringatan dini bahwa rekonsiliasi fiskal triwulanan dapat mendeteksinya lebih awal. Manfaat likuiditas dari restitusi bersifat kondisional. Kondisional tersebut mensyaratkan kecukupan dokumentasi, penerapan kerangka pengendalian pajak, dan kehati-hatian posisi pajak.
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