Perkembangan Gagasan Bebas Riba Sebagai Tantangan Normatif Terhadap Tatanan Finansial Global
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Abstract
Artikel ini menganalisis perkembangan gagasan bebas riba (usury-free) sebagai gerakan normatif transnasional yang menantang hegemoni sistem keuangan global berbasis bunga. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini menerapkan kerangka siklus hidup norma (norm life cycle) dari Finnemore dan Sikkink untuk memetakan proses difusi ide tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap kemunculan (emergence), wirausahawan norma berhasil membingkai riba sebagai isu keadilan sosial. Proses ini berlanjut ke tahap kaskade (cascade) yang diakselerasi oleh krisis keuangan global serta adopsi negara dan institusi konvensional. Namun, temuan menunjukkan bahwa norma ini belum mencapai internalisasi penuh; tantangan struktural seperti fragmentasi regulasi dan keterbatasan pasar menempatkan norma bebas riba masih sebagai sistem alternatif yang berjalan paralel, bukan pengganti tatanan dominan. Studi ini berkontribusi menggeser diskursus anti-riba dari ranah teknis fikih ke arena ekonomi politik internasional, membuktikan kapasitas aktor non-negara dalam mengontestasi struktur keuangan global.
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