Stagnation of Subnational Diplomacy in the Hometown of the President

Riza Wildansyah Wisnu Wardhana — 2025-09-30

The involvement of national political figures in local governance often creates a dual dynamic in efforts to develop subnational diplomacy. Pacitan Regency, known for its close ties to a former president of the Republic of Indonesia originating from the region, is led by a local head of government who remains affiliated with elite national networks. This presents an illustrative case of limitations in leveraging international cooperation opportunities, such as the lack of formal sister city partnerships, minimal participation in global forums, and the absence of targeted strategies to attract foreign collaboration. Despite holding strong symbolic value, the region has yet to demonstrates success in building meaningful international partnerships. This study examines the condition of Pacitan’s subnational diplomacy by analyzing local political influence, symbolic power structures, and the interaction between local government and global actors. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, this article demonstrates that political symbolism, when not followed by institutional performance, tends to weaken a region’s diplomatic capacity. Dependence on symbolic status leads to a neglect of potential international cooperation and minimal public engagement in diplomacy.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Noodweer Pada Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam (Analisis Putusan Nomor: 436/Pid.B/2024/PN.Llg)

Andini Adelia Puspita — 2025-09-30

In criminal cases, especially in the crime of persecution, there is a principle that applies that the person who commits the crime should not be punished if there is an element that eliminates the unlawful nature of the act or person, which is commonly known as the reason for criminal expungement. One of the reasons for the abolition of a criminal offense in the excuse of forgiveness is the forced defense (noodweer) which is regulated in Article 49 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code There are two things that are raised and are the focus of this research. First, what is the basis for the judge's consideration in deciding the punishment for the crime of persecution (Analysis of Decision Number: 436/Pid.B/2024/PN.Llg). Second, how to provide legal protection for victims of noodweer in the crime of persecution from the perspective of Islamic criminal law (Analysis of Decision Number: 436/Pid.B/2024/PN.Llg). This research method uses library research or a type of normative juridical research. The collected data is analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner, namely by explaining regulations and analyzing a phenomenon by describing the focus of research related to the problem being studied, then conveyed inductively. The results of this study conclude that: Based on the consideration of the Panel of Judges of the Lubuklinggau District Court, the Defendant decided to impose a criminal sentence on the Defendant, therefore with a prison sentence of 1 (one) year and 2 (two) months minus the period of arrest and detention. The judge does not see that the defendant meets the noodweer requirements and can be considered legally irresponsible, the determination of noodweer as a reason for criminal expungement should be an important consideration for the judge in determining his verdict. In Islamic criminal law, noodweer is known as al-sh ’il where the law is permissible and cannot be sanctioned because this self-defense is clearly related to the purpose of (sharia maqāṣhid), namely hifdz al-Nafs or protecting the soul.

Harmonization : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ilmu Hukum, dan Ilmu Ekonomi

Stagnation of Subnational Diplomacy in the Hometown of the President

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Noodweer Pada Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam (Analisis Putusan Nomor: 436/Pid.B/2024/PN.Llg)