Pemetaan Faktor Protektif Pada Siswa Korban Bullying: Sebuah Sintesis Naratif
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Abstract
Bullying remains a prevalent problem in school settings and has detrimental effects on students' mental health, psychological well-being, and socio-emotional development. However, not all students who experience bullying suffer long-term psychological consequences. Their ability to adapt and recover from such experiences is influenced by resilience, which is supported by various protective factors, particularly emotion regulation. This article aims to identify and synthesize the protective factors contributing to resilience among students who are victims of bullying through a narrative synthesis of the literature published between 2016 and 2026. The study employed a narrative literature review by examining scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria from various reputable databases. The findings indicate that emotion regulation is the most consistently identified protective factor in helping students manage psychological distress, reduce the negative impacts of bullying, and develop adaptive coping strategies. In addition, self-efficacy, self-esteem, optimism, family support, positive peer relationships, teacher support, a safe school climate, and guidance and counseling services play important roles in strengthening resilience. These findings suggest that resilience among students who experience bullying results from the interaction between individual and environmental factors. Therefore, the development of emotion regulation–based intervention programs supported by families and schools is an essential strategy for enhancing the psychological well-being of students who are victims of bullying.
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